Assessment of Monthly Maximum and Minimum Air Temperature Changes Tendency in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic Based on Normal Values

Abstract

This study investigates monthly and spatial variations in maximum and minimum air temperatures across the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. Based on observations from five hydrometeorological stations covering 1961–2020, statistical methods were applied to quantify changes in temperature extremes between the reference periods 1961–1990 and 1991–2020. The analysis also establishes updated climatological norms and evaluates the influence of elevation and seasonal factors on the spatial distribution of temperature patterns.