The Impact of Malocclusion Correction on Static and Dynamic Plantar Pressure Distribution: A Clinical Study

Abstract

The relationship between the stomatognathic system and postural control, including gait, is a growing area of interdisciplinary research. While some studies suggest a connection between malocclusion and postural imbalances, the effect of occlusal correction on plantar pressure remains underexplored. This study investigates the changes in static and dynamic plantar pressure distribution following the correction of Class II malocclusion. A clinical study was conducted on 100 participants (50 women and 50 men, mean age 24.5 ± 3.2 years) with diagnosed anteroposterior malocclusion (Angle Class II ). Plantar pressure distribution was assessed using a baropodometric platform under static conditions (bipedal stance) and dynamic conditions (gait) both before and after achieving Angle Class I occlusion. Parameters analyzed included the centre of pressure (CoP) path, forefoot/hindfoot weight distribution (%), and pressure symmetry. Following malocclusion correction, a statistically significant improvement in plantar pressure balance was observed. The CoP path length and sway area decreased significantly during static posturography (p < 0.01). The forefoot/hindfoot load distribution became more symmetrical, approaching a physiologically optimal ratio. During gait, pressure analysis revealed a more harmonious and symmetrical pressure distribution across both feet, with a reduction in asymmetrical loading patterns that were present pre-treatment. The correction of Class II malocclusion has a significant positive effect on normalizing both static and dynamic plantar pressure distribution. These findings underscore the existence of a stomatognathic-podal relationship and highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving dentists and physiotherapists for the comprehensive management of patients with malocclusion.