The Influence of Ecogeochemical Conditions on the Organization and Management of Agrolandscapes in the Shirvan Plain

Abstract

This study presents key findings from long-term scientific research conducted in the Shirvan Plain, one of Azerbaijan's agriculturally significant arid regions. We analyze the spatial distribution and composition of both traditional and newly emerging agrolandscapes, including liquorice, carrot, arachis, rice, cereal, and vegetable cultivation systems. Through field studies and geospatial analysis, we quantify the extent of these agrolandscapes and evaluate their development potential under the region's unique ecogeochemical conditions. Our research identifies characteristic macro-ion complexes (HCO₃-Cl-Ca, SO₄-Mg-Ca, Cl-Na-Ca) and reveals significant micronutrient imbalances, with elevated levels of Cd, Pb, and As (Class I toxins) posing particular environmental and health risks. The study introduces the first medium-scale Geochemical Map of Agrolandscapes for the Shirvan Plain, created using ArcGIS technology, serving as a valuable tool for land management and agricultural planning. We demonstrate the economic potential of high-value crops such as pomegranate and medicinal liquorice, while proposing practical solutions to address soil salinity and heavy metal contamination, including strategic crop rotation, drainage system rehabilitation, and organic amendment applications. These findings contribute to sustainable agricultural development in arid zones and support Azerbaijan's transition toward a more diversified, non-oil dependent economy. The integrated approach developed in this study offers a replicable model for balancing agricultural productivity with environmental protection in similar ecosystems worldwide.