Antimicrobial Activity and Bioactive Compound Profile of Extracts from Tanacetum parthenium and Salvia glutinosa Naturally Growing in Artvin Province, Türkiye

Abstract

Medicinal and aromatic plants have gained prominence in pharmaceutical research due to the bioactive compounds they contain. The aim of this study is to determine the antimicrobial effects of methanol and ethanol extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Tanacetum parthenium and Salvia glutinosa plants, which naturally grow in the Artvin region, and to analyze the bioactive compounds present in these extracts. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were evaluated by the disk diffusion method, and four bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Bacillus spizizenii (ATCC 6633), and the yeast Candida albicans} (ATCC 10231) were used in the studies. The leaf extracts of T. parthenium showed activity against S. aureus, B. spizizenii, and E. faecalis, while the flower extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity only against S. aureus and B. spizizenii. The highest antimicrobial effect was observed in the leaf extract of S. glutinosa obtained with 96{\%} ethanol, which was found to be more effective than the commercial antibiotic. Furthermore, HPLC analysis revealed that the main compound in both plant extracts was coumaric acid, and some phenolic compounds detected in these plants were reported for the first time in this study.